The Electronika BK is a series of 16-bit PDP-11-compatible fanless Soviet home computers developed under the Electronika brand by NPO Scientific Center, the leading Soviet microcomputer design team at the time. It was also the predecessor of the more powerful UKNC and DVK micros. First released in 1984 (developed in 1983), they are based on the К1801ВМ1 (Soviet LSI-11-compatible CPU) and were the only "official" Soviet home computer design in mass production.

They sold for about 600–650 rubles. This was expensive, but marginally affordable, so they became one of the most popular home computer models in the Soviet Union, despite the fact that they had numerous problems. Later, in the 1990s, their powerful CPU and straightforward, easy-to-program design made them popular as demo machines. BK (БК) is a Russian abbreviation for "бытовой компьютер" – domestic (or home) computer. The machines were also used for a short time as cash registers, for example, in the GUM department store.

Although BK-0010 was one of the cheapest Soviet PCs, and in speed (as well as memory, graphics, and so on) differs little from the simple 8-bit models, it was one of the first fully 16-bit home computers in the world[disputed – discuss] (in contrast to the TI-99/4A, BK had controllers with the same data bus-width). The Intellivision used a very similar, fully 16-bit CPU, the General Instrument CP1600, and with the Keyboard Component or ECS expansions, it was turned into a fully 16-bit home computer. The IBM PC and PCjr were 8/16-bit computers, as their 8088 CPU has an 8-bit data bus and a 16-bit internal bus.